I've had this happen to a practice before. Except that practice was much worse off. They didn't have the II or the DB backed up. Here's how I did it:

If you've already restored the previous backup, that may be okay.

If you have any previous backup of the server from that time. E.g. were you running Windows Server Backup or something similar. Maybe even system restore, but if you have a backup, that's better. Avoid system restore for now. Or if you do run it, clone your hard drives for sure.

You can restore the server to its state before Monday in a virtual machine. Copy the whole AC folder (esp. the II) to a disk. Reinstall AC on another computer and make sure AC works and all the II are present.

From here you can either copy the II back to the main computer or use the AmazingSync. Then have the docs verify that everything is present. I know Dr. Clayton has a relatively large practice so this will require some weekend time to make sure everything is up and running Monday.