Could I just take the .mdb files home and replace them in the morning?
Yes
Is anyone doing this in real life?
Yes, and I have talked about it about 100 times but no one ever listens, lol.

Is there a chance of data corruption?
No, you are simply moving a file from one place to another.
Is there a chance that the imported items may lose their link?
I always worry about that. But, I don't think you would need to worry. You could always copy over. But, you stated you weren't going to import things so, unless you would do letters, then don't bring that .mdb file home.
Work I have XP, at home I have Vista. Is there a problem?
Other than having Vista, no. LOL.