We're still using virtual machines. The RDS or TS cal doesn't give you a desktop, you still have to have an XP or Windows 7 installed somewhere, staff still needs internet access and office apps. What I think you're talking about is a virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) which basically supplies a whole desktop, on the fly, as needed. So far as I can tell, all these systems still require a separate OS license for each Windows desktop. All the RDS cal or TS cal does is give you access. What I built for free was actual virtual machines on the Xenserver - I basically reused all the old XP licenses from the obsolete computers. Since I went electronic in 2003, I have a collection of about 20 XP licenses because I purchased refurbished machines every 3 years or so as the software got denser and the machines got slower. Eventually, I am going to have to go to Windows 7 for my 4 exam rooms and my nurse. My front desk uses real PCs and are already on Windows 7 because of legacy software (Medware) that hasn't been supported on virtual machines. So I might consider some volume licensing going forward, and setup a VDI system.